2016年世界防治疟疾日：使疟疾得到永远控制

                                                                                ----  健康管理科
    2016年4月25日
    世卫组织和合作伙伴每年都围绕世界防治疟疾日的一个共同主题团结协作。今年“使疟疾得到永远控制”这一主题体现了《2016-2030年全球疟疾技术战略》确立的“无疟疾世界”愿景。该战略于2015年5月由世界卫生大会通过，其目标是在未来15年大幅降低全球疟疾负担。该战略提出了雄心勃勃但可以实现的具体目标：
    将疟疾新发病例比例至少减少90%；
    将疟疾死亡率至少减少90%；
    至少在35个国家消除疟疾；
    在所有已无疟疾传播国家中防止疟疾复燃。
    2016-2030年的时间安排与“2030年可持续发展议程”这一由联合国所有会员国批准的全球发展新框架保持一致。
    根据世卫组织发布的《2015年世界疟疾报告》，全球疟疾病例和死亡数自2000年以来出现了大幅下降。通过大幅扩展使用药浸蚊帐、诊断检测和抗疟药物等防治疟疾的有效工具已经取得了工作进展。
    但依然存在重大挑战：全球约有32亿人（近世界人口的半数）面临疟疾危险。2015年时估计有2.14亿疟疾新发病例和43.8万例死亡，这主要发生在撒哈拉以南非洲。有数百万人依然无法获得疟疾防治所需的服务。
    每年的世界防治疟疾日为彰显在疟疾防控方面取得的进步，并承诺继续做出投资和采取行动，为抵抗这一致命疾病加快取得进展提供了机会。要实现“全球技术战略”目标，需要在现有基础上对疟疾控制的年度投资提高两倍，到2030年时每年达到87亿美元。
    以上内容引自世界卫生组织官网：http://www.who.int/campaigns/malaria-day/2016/event/zh/
    疟疾知识小测验：你对疟疾了解有多少？
    1、 哪种蚊子主要传播疟疾
    A、 埃及伊蚊
    B、 白纹伊蚊
    C、 按蚊
    D、 趋血蚊
    Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, which are active mainly between dusk and dawn. There are 5 parasite species that cause malaria in humans, and 2 of these species – P. falciparum and P. vivax – pose the greatest threat.
    2、 全世界有多少人暴露于感染的疟疾风险中
    A、120万
    B、12亿
    C、32亿
    In 2015, approximately 3.2 billion people – nearly half of the world's population – were at risk of malaria. Most malaria cases and deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. However, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East are also at risk. In 2015, 95 countries and territories had ongoing malaria transmission.
    3、 疟疾可以被治愈
    A、 正确
    B、 错误
    Malaria can be lethal. Early diagnosis and treatment of malaria are key. If left untreated, the disease can lead to severe illness and death.
    4、 我能通过哪种方法保护自己不感染疟疾（多选）
    A、 使用驱蚊剂
    B、 穿浅色、长袖的衣服和裤子
    C、 使用经驱避剂处理的蚊帐
    Malaria is preventable and vector control methods such as insecticide-treated bed nets play a vital role. Indoor residual spraying is another essential intervention used in malaria-endemic countries. It involves spraying an effective dose of insecticide with a long residual activity on indoor walls and ceilings where malaria vectors are likely to rest after biting. The insecticide is sprayed typically once or twice per year.
    5、 没有好的方法治疗疟疾
    A、 正确
    B、 错误
    Malaria is curable. The best available treatment, particularly for P. falciparummalaria, is artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). An ACT contains both the drug artemisinin and a partner drug.
    6、 有疫苗可以预防疟疾
    A、 正确
    B、 错误
    There are currently no licensed vaccines against malaria. One research vaccine against P. falciparum, known as RTS, S/AS01, is most advanced. This vaccine has been evaluated in a clinical trial in 7 countries in Africa and received a positive opinion by the European Medicines Agency.
    参考答案：1.C   2.C   3.A   4.ABC   5.B   6.B